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BC horns from standard FLHs

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KaphaSound View Drop Down
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (1) Thanks(1)   Quote KaphaSound Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09 September 2020 at 3:05pm
The values put for VRC and LRC were largely based on citenzensc's BG horn calculations. I believe LRC is the average length from the driver within the rear chamber of 50 liters. To be honest I haven't folded the horn yet but I have an idea of what I'm going for and will adjust parameters accordingly, but playing around in hornresp changing the VRC/LRC by 10-15 didn't seem to have much of an effect other than in the high frequency resonances. Here's displacement and impedance for now, I'll have a look at simulating the face as well.



As for the amp question thanks for the info! I still would guess though that running 400watts out of an amp that's capable of 1000 could be enough headroom to not be concerned about clipping at the peaks? At that point you start to run into displacement issues anyways at about 34hz at 134db, a level I most likely also will not be pushing considering that 116db was about the strongest bass I've felt on a funktion rig measured with the DecibelX app on an iPhone (so not super accurate but maybe not horribly off) and that was approaching uncomfortable for sure.


Edited by KaphaSound - 09 September 2020 at 3:46pm
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KaphaSound View Drop Down
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote KaphaSound Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09 September 2020 at 3:35pm
So I just experimented with splitting the S4 and using S5 as the face but I don't think it's a good approximation because you can basically set the S4 throat area to 1 or to 8000 and it doesn't change the sim at all. The results were certainly worse by about 5hz in the F3, so I'm hoping that method isn't very accurate. I'm completely speculating that you could just assume the face of the stack is like a wall somewhere between 1 and 2pi as if you mounted a horn flush directly into it, but perhaps citizensc can grace us with some Akabak charts for more accuracy.
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote Jo bg Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09 September 2020 at 4:02pm
Your phone was clipping, you need a good mic to measure at high level, 116 db of bass is nothing to write home about , if you remember it as heavy it was way louder.
Try put an hipass filter with filterwizard and drive it with a sensible voltage to get a feeling of real world excursion.
Impedance plot is n9t very readable, can you post 1 speaker with a readable scale (you can change it in options) ?
Seems a waste of driver if you can push only 400w into it. Seems a rating for a 70s sub...

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KaphaSound View Drop Down
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote KaphaSound Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09 September 2020 at 5:31pm
Here's the impedance of one driver/horn



Here's Max Spl



Now here's where I have a question. Does adding a high pass filter really reduce displacement by this much? It seems like for such a modest reduction in SPL you gain big reductions in displacement. Also note that I used the xmax of 9mm instead of the xvar of 11mm which B&C suggest may be a more accurate measurement.





Back to the amp, I know it would theoretically be a waste considering these drivers can handle 1000 watts rms but again I can't fathom needing even 130db for 200-500 people. I also used my phone to measure infront of Mungo's Hifi stacks and that was some chest thumping bone rattling bass coming in at 108db which makes me think maybe 116 might be the limit but I'd assume the Mungo's measurement could still be ballpark.
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote Contour Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09 September 2020 at 5:44pm
A scale versus C scale measurements? Big difference... 
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote Jo bg Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09 September 2020 at 6:05pm
Yes weighting and time constants need to be taken in consideration... and anyway i doubt an iphone mic is reliable at that level, again.

If 108 had been a reliable measurement, it would have been averaged over a long time, and you can see differences like 20 dBs between peak dB recorded and the average. The speaker needs to provide for the peak, so your 108 dB measurement could contain 128 dB peaks....Ouch

Op should not base ANY assumption on that numbers, even if measurement were reliable they need context.



I am really the only one thinking  that 108db or even 116 in front of a big stack (a fast measurement with a meaningful weighting, not A, something you can relate to Hornresp dBs) is not loud at all ?
Heck we are in 12v territory, not big stacks.

About hi pass... ANY pa sub i know about needs an hipass filter.
And usually higher in frequency and higher order than the one you simmed.


Edited by Jo bg - 09 September 2020 at 6:06pm
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KaphaSound View Drop Down
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (1) Thanks(1)   Quote KaphaSound Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09 September 2020 at 6:22pm
This was A scale rating probably over 20 seconds or so during a "drop" or just when the subs were clearly pumping. I'm not assuming this app or an iphone is a great measuring tool, but the difference from the 108 to 116 felt ludicrous, and the 108 was about as heavy as I'd need. I'm pretty sure at a reasonable distance (maybe 10-15m) from the PK rigs at Shambhala you're seeing low teens RMS and that's one of the nicest full body sound baths you can find imo perfectly balanced but if you want more you can always stick your head inside one of their Gravity 18s lol. I also thought a 20hz highpass is fairly standard considering some subs including the Danley BC218 are supposedly hitting 26hz at -3db but going up 5 more hz even still wouldn't drop the spl by as much as I would've expected. I still would love to know if there's a physics answer to the question of does more surface area of a stack move more air and therefore create a more tactile sensation? If you look at the PK rigs again they've got something like 20-30 double 18s stacked about 6 feet high for maybe 5-8,000 people. Surely 20 subs pushing 110db will be moving much more air than one sub pushing 110 and that's why I think bigger systems can give you a more tactile sensation at lower volumes. The Funktion rig for example was in London at E1 which you'll see is probably way over sized for the space but the sheer size of it means it's pushing a massive wavefront surely (note I was standing at the opposite end of the room measuring 116db but honestly in a warehouse like that I'm sure there's some nodes flying around).




Edited by KaphaSound - 29 January 2025 at 1:42am
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote Jo bg Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09 September 2020 at 6:54pm
So go look what A weighting means... 108 A weighted means 128 dB at 100 hz and 138 at 50hz, since it is a measurement with a high highpass NOT USABLE for subs. Try C o Z...

20 subs stacked doing 110 dBs  will actually move LESS air than  1 sub doing 110dBs , because they need less displacement due to directivity increased by increased front size.

20hz is a low hi pass for speciality subs, especially 1st order, nothing common. And too low for a 40hz horn with a 15.

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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote Jo bg Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09 September 2020 at 7:19pm
Bc218 suggested crossover is 20hz indeed, but 24 dB/octave or 4th order, much steeper than your 6 dB/octave first order.
And that is a big sub tuned lower than yours with way more displacement thanks to 2 x 18 drivers.



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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote KaphaSound Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09 September 2020 at 8:11pm
Jaysus considering most earplugs offer something like 20db of gain reduction shouldn’t 128db be causing serious hearing damage even with protection in a matter of minutes? Or is hearing damage defined as 85db above the A weighted scale over a period of time? I’m assuming hornresp is showing in Z-rated or flat. I’ll have another go with the 18nw100 next but I still think this first design could provide some solid weight in the mid 30hz region. Again my goal here is portable with 2 sets of hands and enough bass to make a 200-500 person gig a tactile experience and while I know gigs are shot right now this most likely would only be over a 10-15m distance if that so imo I really don’t think anywhere near 140db is necessary, more just trying to hit that low C (33hz) with some strength and clarity within the F3 (like the Danley BC415 but maybe in 4 larger sections). I've heard the Danley 415 be described as "too much sometimes but not in a bad way". Also any idea as to why the -6db slope high pass reduces displacement much more than the steeper slopes? What's the catch?

Edited by KaphaSound - 09 September 2020 at 9:46pm
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote KaphaSound Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09 September 2020 at 11:40pm
Ok now here's something seemingly much more interesting. The 18nw100 I believe uses the exact same magnet as the 15nw100 (same xmax/xvar and BL strength). I was inclined to believe that the 15 would outperform the 18 in a horn due to the significantly higher EBP, but not according to this. Would the sound be described as "looser" with a driver with a lower EBP or is there really no way to tell without listening? Also note that the length of this horn is actually smaller than the last with a significantly flatter response. I simmed the full horn this time but you can just quarter VRC/VTC/ATC and cross sectional areas and do multiple speakers for the exact same result. Also still keep in mind it’ll be somewhere between 1 and 2pi so I’d expect atleast some modest extension/sensitivity.








Edited by KaphaSound - 10 September 2020 at 12:57am
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (1) Thanks(1)   Quote Jo bg Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 10 September 2020 at 7:52am
First thing, your worries about high spl are a good thing, keep this attitude!
Those 128 dbs are peaks as luckily music is dynamic, if it were continuos it would be far more dangerous.
Remember that operating any system at it's limit is not a good thing, distortion arises, drivers start to behave unlinearly near xmax, heating changes speaker parameters... so you want some headroom.
If you want to go to the low 30s you need a huuuuge long horn.
Yours is too short to load that low, so the driver has to do the work alone, and as you see in the excursion graph, excursion skyrockets from 40 hz so no sense in going lower than that. 33 hz is quite low for a straight horn, maybe you should look at ths or bandpass. Or bigger horns...
No sense in squeezing 30 hz from a 40 design, you limit your spl a lot from 40 hz up to reach that low with this design.
No sense in building a design that is loud from 40 if you need to play 30 hz, you will not use thay efficency , wasted wood and space. 


The higher the filter order the steeper ( less bass extension ) the cut, but higher order filter also reduce less the level around crossover frequency( a by product ).
While low order seem to reduce level more right around crossover frequencies, they allow more bass to go through beneath, and those frequency down low usually cause more excursion problems. So higher order are usually safer and provide more impact at xrossover frequency, but with worse time behaviour.

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